Japanese quince shrub - description of the plant and fruits

Japanese quince shrubs, or henomeles - a fertile plant that belongs to the Pink family. It takes root well in regions with a mild climate, in spring it pleases with abundant and bright flowering, in the fall - healthy fruits.

Origin and appearance

Japanese quince - a bush not only decorative, but also fruiting. Every autumn, fruits grow on the branches that look like an apple or ordinary quince, but smaller in size. The diameter of the fruit does not exceed 4 cm, which is why the plant was given another name - "false apples".

Flowering branches

Quince fruits have a dense structure, sour taste and have a fragrant aroma. Inexperienced gardeners mistakenly compare the Japanese shrub and ordinary quince. The only common feature of the two plants - both belong to the family Rosaceae, while they have a different genus and purpose.

The homeland of quince shrub is China, Japan and Korea, a brightly flowering plant often becomes an adornment of a rock garden. The developed root system allows you to strengthen the slopes in places of relief relief or create a hedge.

Quince fruits

Japanese quince, a detailed description of the bush:

• Plants of different varieties are deciduous or evergreen;
• Height varies from 1 to 3 meters;
• The shoots are arched;
• Leaves are glossy oval or teardrop-shaped, depending on the variety.

The plant has a large number of hybrid forms, on the shoots of some of them spikes grow up to 2 cm long.

Between May and June, quince blooms profusely, all shoots are covered with a large number of buds. Flowers are painted in scarlet, orange or red-orange colors, varieties with pink and white flowers are less common.

In diameter, the flower reaches a size of 3-4 cm, some types of quince are covered with flowers with a diameter of 5 cm. The buds can grow alone or are collected in brushes of 2-6 flowers. The flower itself is ordinary or double, consisting of a large number of petals.

Species and varieties

There are several types of henomeles, on the basis of which many hybrids are bred, which differ in color, leaf shape, flower size.

Red flower

Hybrid forms of the plant are divided into different varieties, of which there are about 500.

Quince Katayanskaya

Katayanskaya quince is a large shrub that grows up to 2-3 m in height. In spring, the leaves of the plant acquire a purple hue, by the summer they turn green and become glossy. Every year in May, the bush is covered with an abundance of pink or white flowers.

Garnet bracelet

Shrub with densely growing foliage, its height does not exceed 1 m. Spikes grow on the shoots, a hedge can be formed from plants. The flowers grow large, reach a size of up to 5 cm in diameter, gather in groups of 2-6 buds. The buds are painted red or scarlet red.

Grade Garnet Bracelet

Quince decorative

Ornamental henomeles is a deciduous shrub, its young shoots are painted green, and eventually become brown. The color scheme of buds is from pink to orange-red. The flower in diameter grows to 3.5 cm.

Transplant after purchase in open ground

When choosing a place for planting, it is necessary to take into account that decorative quince is a photophilous plant. When transplanting plants in open ground, it is important to choose a suitable place and organize further care.

What you need for landing

The land for planting decorative quinces is prepared in the fall, in order to plant seedlings in the spring. To prepare the soil in the fall you will need:

• Deciduous land;
• Sand;
• Compost from peat and manure. For 1 m2 you will need 7-8 kg;
• Potash fertilizers at the rate of 35-40 g per 1 m2. Can be replaced with phosphoric fertilizers.

During planting in the spring, a nutrient mixture is used, its recipe:

• Humus - 5 kg;
• Superphosphate - 250 g;
• Ash - 500 g;
• Potassium nitrate - 25 g.

For planting in open ground, you should choose two-year-old seedlings with a closed root system. Rotten, dried or broken roots need to be removed.

Optimal place

Shrubs growing in the shade bloom weakly and grow slowly. Quince is best taken root from the south side, where there will be enough sunlight. The plant does not like strong drafts, so it is better to plant it next to other groups of trees or near the walls of the house.

Decorative quince takes root in loose soil with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. For planting, sandy loamy and loamy soil, which contains enough humus, is suitable.

The shrub tolerates dry weather well, its central root stem penetrates deep underground and is nourished by moisture. The soil should be moderately moist without stagnation of water.

Step-by-step landing process

Choosing a suitable place, you can begin to land:

1. In autumn, the soil is cleaned, compost from peat and manure is added to it. Additionally, phosphoric fertilizers are added to the ground;
2. In the spring for planting, they dig a hole measuring 50x50 cm, a depth of 60-70 cm;
3. From humus and ash make a nutritious mixture for backfilling. Superphosphate and potassium nitrate are added to it;
4. Nutrient mixture is poured into the pit 1/3, 2-3 cm of ordinary earth is sprinkled on top. The roots of the plant should not be in contact with fertilizers;
5. Prepared seedlings before planting are watered with plenty of water, placed in a pit and straightened roots. The root neck should not be deepened much, it is necessary to place it on the same level with the ground. The plant is dripped, the top layer of the earth is compacted with hands;
6. Each seedling is watered with 1 bucket of water, you can cover the ground at the base with branches or wood shavings.

Hedge

Shrubs are planted at a distance of 1-1.5 m from each other, to form a hedge, the distance is reduced to 50 cm.

Breeding

Japanese quince can be propagated using seeds or vegetative methods. Growing from seeds is a less time-consuming process, but it does not guarantee the preservation of the properties of the mother plant.

Cuttings

Cutting of the bush is advisable if it is necessary to preserve the properties of a particular variety of quince. Cuttings are harvested in the first half of June before the heat begins, they need to be cut until 9-10 in the morning.

It is necessary to prepare the soil for planting in advance, for it you need to mix peat and sand in a ratio of 1: 3. Billets are planted at a slight slope in the prepared mixture. After 1-2 months, the plant will take root if the air temperature is not lower than 20-25 ° C. In cold areas, shoots are planted in hotbeds in which high humidity is maintained.

Only 40-50% of cuttings will be able to take root; growth stimulants are used to increase indicators by 15-20%. Billets are treated with a solution of 0.01% indolylbutyric acid, and then planted.

Seed cultivation

Decorative quince seeds are obtained from ripened fruits. Large dark brown seeds can be used for propagation; they do not require any processing. In the autumn they are sown in open ground, up to 80% of crops sows already next spring.

Sunflower seeds near the ruler

If the seeds could not be planted before winter, they are placed in moist ground or sand and kept at a temperature of 3-4 ° C all winter. By spring, shoots will appear, and the seeds can be transferred to the open ground.

Care

Quince is an unpretentious plant, but it needs to be looked after, in the wild, the ornamental shrub gradually loses its ability to bloom magnificently. Despite the fact that the ornamental shrub hails from the East, it easily takes root even in the northern regions of the Moscow Region.

Watering mode

Japanese quince shrub does not require abundant watering, the bush is resistant to drought and high temperature. Young seedlings are watered every week until they take root. An adult plant is watered once every 2-3 weeks, in the rainy season the plant dispenses with watering.

Top dressing

Top dressing is carried out in the spring for 2 years after planting seedlings. Mineral and organic mixtures can be used as fertilizers. To feed 1 bush, you need to mix:

• Compost - 1 bucket;
• Potassium nitrate - 300 g;
• Superphosphate - 300 g.

During the summer, an adult plant can be fed with liquid fertilizer, for example, an aqueous solution of nitrate or a mixture of water and litter.

During flowering

In summer, the earth around the shrub must be loosened by 5-7 cm in order to saturate with oxygen. If the summer is dry, the soil under the quince is mulched with sawdust or peat, the layer height should be 3-4 cm. The land is regularly cleared of weeds.

During rest

Fertile trees need to be cut several times a year. In the spring, before flowering, sanitary pruning is carried out, rotted and frozen shoots are removed. In the fall, they trim the shape of the crown, shorten the branches. Shoots older than 5 years must be cut off.

Winter preparations

The shrub easily tolerates temperatures up to -25 ° C without shelter. In regions with severe winters and severe frosts, plant roots are covered with fir branches. Shoots should be bent and sprinkled with spruce or dry leaves. Young undersized shrubs for the winter are covered with cardboard or wooden boxes.

Each person living in a private house wants to decorate his garden with beautiful plants. One of the favorite bushes of gardeners and landscape designers is Japanese quince, care and cultivation of the bush does not require much time. The very next year, seedlings grow and become covered with the first flowers.