Every gardener has at least once in his life encountered such problems as diseases of horticultural crops and harmful insects. If they are available, it is recommended to carry out preventive treatment of garden plantings with special means annually.
Processing trees from pests and diseases has its own characteristics. As soon as spring arrives, land owners should prepare for the chemical treatment of the garden. Autumn productivity directly depends on the quality of spring preventive work.
How to spray trees properly
The most suitable time for work is the morning hours of a sunny, windless day.
Garden spraying
Solutions against insect pests should be used immediately and completely, without leaving the product until the next time.
Before starting work, it is necessary to put on rubber gloves, protect your face with a gauze bandage or respirator, put on a protective eye mask and hide your hair under the headgear, since the components that make up insecticides are very toxic.
Spraying is carried out from top to bottom, starting from the crown. After the whole tree is sprayed, it is imperative to spray the near-trunk part of the earth.
Attention! The active component of the chemical agent will cause the seedling less harm with a minimum level of humidity. However, if the instructions say that water is needed to get the maximum effect, you need to follow it.
The technology of work consists of the stages:
- First you need to remove the branches that managed to dry, and the nests of parasites from trees and bushes. If you sprinkle branches with water heated to 70 °, you can destroy insect larvae.
- The choice of remedy depending on the problems identified.
- The base of the trunk must be dug.
- Prepare a solution.
- Perform processing.
Fruit Tree Processing Dates
From pests, fruit trees must be treated when spring comes. As soon as a constant air temperature is set above + 6 ° C, primary spraying is carried out.
Spring spraying
In April, when buds are actively forming, it is necessary to examine the garden in order to timely detect fungal diseases and signs of the appearance of harmful insects. If they are found, you need to spray again.
In May, the plantations are again examined. If pests are found, the garden is disinfected and then this procedure is regularly repeated until flowering is completed.
How to spray trees in spring before blooming
Processing of bushes and trees in the spring is carried out by washing.
How to treat trees in early spring? Apply iron sulfate, DNOC, urea, nitrafen, Bordeaux fluid.
Iron sulfate for pest control is used at intervals of 3-4 years. It protects against the formation of fungus, lichens and moss. Penetrating into the topsoil, stimulates the development of the plant. For pears and apple trees take 0.5 kg of iron sulfate per 10 liters of water, for stone fruit crops - 0.3 kg per 10 liters of water.
DNOC is used for spring spraying to kill all wintering larvae. For the solution, 100 g of funds are taken per 10 liters of water.
To spray the garden with carbamide, buy its 7% solution.
For treatment with nitrafen, 300 g of pesticide per 10 liters of water should be taken.
Spraying trees
For processing Bordeaux liquid take it 3-4% solution.
Preparations for spraying fruit trees
Biological products
Biologicals are an alternative to chemicals. These include:
- Trichodermin fights rot, late blight, helps against scab. He does not give negative side effects. It can be used as soon as the buds are swollen, and periodically repeat the treatment throughout the flowering period.
- Planriz struggles with decay, white dew, rust, septoria, scares away lepidopteran parasites.
- The pentaphage is a remedy for bacterial cancer, prevents the formation of holes and spots on the leaves and bark.
- The phyto-doctor is effective for the treatment of late blight, rot and mold, bacterial cancer, fusarium wilt.
- Mikosan protects the garden from viral, fungal and bacterial diseases. It enhances the immunity of horticultural crops.
- Haupsin is effective against aphids, flies and leafworms. In addition, it contains nitrogen, so it will be possible to feed the plants at the same time.
Haupsin
- Bitoxibacillin protects against Lepidoptera and gnawing parasites.
- Fitosporin-M - a remedy for scab, rot, rust.
- Actofit is used to combat whiteflies, aphids.
- Riverm - a remedy for disease. The advantage of the drug is its high penetration rate (it reaches the root system in 30 minutes after application).
Additional Information. The advantage of biological agents is that they do not accumulate in the soil and do not have a negative effect on garden crops. The consumption of biological agents is lower than pesticides. Moreover, they are inferior to chemicals in terms of speed of action. In addition, these preparations are not suitable for early spring treatment: they can be used only when the air temperature is stable no lower than + 10 ° С.
Chemical methods
Chemical treatment is an effective measure to protect the garden.
The best fungicides for fruit trees
Fungicides are effective against any diseases. The effect after processing by them remains for a long time. They are recommended to be changed so as not to form an insect immunity to the components of the pesticide.
Fungicides are divided into systemic and contact. Systemic fungicides inhibit the growth of viruses. Contact fungicides protect and treat diseases. The best fungicides are:
- Bordeaux mixture is an antifungal fungicide that protects against scab, rot, rust, stains. Its counterpart is Burgundy liquid.
- Abiga-Peak is a fungicide effective in rosporai, coccomycosis, moniliosis, curly.
- Iron sulfate is a fungicide for the control and treatment of cancer and chlorosis. Helps to get rid of moss and lichens.
Chemical treatment
- Vectra is an antifungal fungicide to prevent the appearance of scab, powdery mildew. Its analogue is colloidal sulfur.
The benefits of iron sulfate for trees
Iron sulfate provides healthy growth and energy metabolism, which is the key to a good harvest. It destroys all parasitic insects without causing severe harm to the tree, it contributes to the absorption of micro - and macro elements. There is no cumulative effect in iron sulfate. With the proper use of this fungicide, the taste of the fruit does not change. Iron sulfate is suitable for all types of garden and garden trees.
When to spray fruit trees with iron sulfate
They need to be sprayed before the buds open, when it is cloudy on the street, but there is no rain and wind.
How to breed iron sulfate
Dosages differ depending on the purpose of use:
Iron sulfate spraying
- If iron sulfate is going to be used for whitewashing or after trimming, then prepare a 10% solution;
- To protect fruit stands from fungal diseases and parasitic insects, 0.5 kg of sulfate in 10 liters of water should be diluted;
- In the fight against lichen and moss, a 30% solution is used.
- For spring processing of the vine once a week using a 0.1% solution of iron sulfate.
Attention! The instructions for use do not provide information about all fruit crops, and there is no information about the features of processing from aphids. Therefore, it is initially recommended to make a weak solution, in the absence of negative consequences, the dosage can be increased.
Copper sulfate solution
The treatment with copper sulfate is carried out in the first half of March. A solution of copper sulfate helps to cope with curly hair, kleasterosporosis, moniliosis, coccomycosis, scab. Due to the fact that copper sulfate is very toxic, it is used only once a year.
Bordeaux liquid
If you take copper sulfate and lime in equal shares, you get Bordeaux liquid. When using the product, the following features should be considered:
- It can not be used in conjunction with phosphorus, pesticides, with all means that are destroyed in an alkaline environment;
- As a result of annual spraying with Bordeaux liquid, the effect of phytotoxicity appears.
- Copper tends to accumulate in the soil, therefore, for the shoots it acts as a herbicide;
- Excess concentration of the solution can lead to burns of foliage;
- Copper is toxic to humans, fish and animals. Therefore, its application requires compliance with all safety regulations. Bordeaux fluid must not be allowed to enter bodies of water, human skin, or animal hair.
Bordeaux liquid is used for autumn spraying of the garden.
Bordeaux liquid
Urea or urea
High concentration urea is an ideal treatment for early spring treatment. After the onset of active sap flow, a weak urea solution is used for spraying. This will save the garden from aphids, tinkers, leafworms and flower beetles.
In the fall, a highly concentrated solution of urea is treated with soil to destroy pest larvae
The drug N 30
The drug N 30 destroys pests wintering on the bark, and also destroys their larvae. It forms a film on the trunk under which parasites cannot survive. The advantage of the product is its good compatibility with other pesticides.
The disadvantage of the drug is slow decomposition, so it can be used after 3 years, the concentration of the solution should be very weak.
Folk remedies
Alternative pesticides can be folk remedies:
- To combat the spider mite, an infusion of onion husks is used;<
Garden Pest Treatment
- Infusion of garlic or ash diluted in hot water and laundry soap are effective in the fight against powdery mildew, tartar, caterpillars and aphids;
- Preventive treatment of plantings is carried out with a solution of 150 g of salt in 10 l of water. Instead of salt, you can take superphosphate. If there are signs of pest damage, this remedy will be ineffective.
- A solution of potassium chloride kills caterpillars and aphids.
Today there is a large selection of tools for spraying the garden. The determining factors in choosing one or another remedy are climatic conditions, the initial state of the trees and their age. The effect of the treatment will depend on the observance of the proportions when preparing the solution, as well as on how correctly the spraying time was chosen.
