Pear is a hypoallergenic fruit rich in microelements and vitamins that has long ago settled in areas of most gardeners with significant experience growing fruit. Unusually juicy and aromatic, melting in the mouth and crispy, oily and tart - it's all about her. Several hundred winter-hardy and early-growing summer pear varieties are grown in domestic nurseries in the southern regions, in the middle zone of Russia, in the Urals and Siberia, Ukraine and Belarus. The species diversity of the fruit culture allows you to choose a variety that will certainly take root in the garden area and will give excellent harvest every year.
What kind of fruit is a pear?
A tall-growing fruit tree with glossy leaves and amazingly shaped fruits that you can hardly confuse with another fruit - this is a pear. The ancestors of this plant are accustomed to living in a warm temperate continental climate, unpretentious and productive, in the wild they are found on plains, woodlands and even in mountain ravines. The natural range of this fruit culture is concentrated in the East Asian and Eurasian regions. The latter covers Asia Minor, North Africa, Eastern and Southeastern Europe and modifies the pear from a dwarf into a medium-sized, powerful plant that stably tolerates a humid climate and freezing temperatures. The Asian distribution range of pears is China, Japan, where a pear tree has long turned from a wild game into a cultivated plant.
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Facts claim that the first pear orchards grew more than 3 thousand years ago BC in the Mediterranean. Pear - deciduous long-lived fruit tree, whose age can reach 300 years; fruiting - for 50-70 years. Wild pears have a rounded or pyramidal crown shape, pear hybrids bred by breeders are found in the form of bush plants, with pyramidal, inversely pyramidal, elongated and round crowns. This plant belongs to the class dicotyledonous, flowering, rosaceae order, pink family (Rosaceae Juss.), Pear genus (lat. Pyrus).
There are 60 varieties of these fruit trees and about 3,000 varieties in the world, which differ from each other in terms of ripening, quality indicators of fruits and agricultural technology. The height of the trunk reaches 25-30 meters, the diameter of the crown is 3.5-7 meters. Shrubs are found among the representatives of the genus Pyrus. The pear propagates vegetatively, by vaccination and seeds, is pollinated with the help of insects.
Despite the variety of varieties adapted to different cultivation conditions, the pear prefers fertile, loose soils. The pear tree blooms in late April - early May for 1.5 to 2 weeks. The fruiting period begins at 3-4 years of plant life.
The Serbs called the pear a chambermaid - from the word "high" - "higher, higher" and prayed under it to God, saying: "Grushenka is my church."
Table: Characteristics of horticultural crops
Fruit tree parts | Characteristic |
Trunk and wood | Barrel in diameter from 40 to 70 cm (depending on tree age), covered with smooth bark, the color of which happens different: from light gray to red brown, covered with longitudinal cracks with age. The wood is white, dense; young shoots slightly pubescent. |
Root system | Rod |
Leaves | Ovoid, pointed, dark green with a glossy finish. The edge of the leaf blade is notched or solid. Leaves are arranged alternately. |
Inflorescences and flowers | Scutellum, consisting of 5-12 flowers located on a short peduncle singly or in groups. The flowers are bisexual, five-petalled. Petals are white or with a pinkish tinge. Stamens no more than 50 pieces, the pestle consists of 5 columns. |
Fruit | Drupe obovate, pear-shaped or round, weighing from 80 to 300 g. The pulp is juicy, hard, sometimes grainy, pronouncedly sweet or sour, with rounded seeds of dark brown color. The skin is dense, easy to eat, and when fully ripe, it tastes good. The skin color ranges from light green to yellow brown with a crimson blush. |
Distinctive features
Summer pear varieties are characterized by abundant fruiting and drought tolerance, but are demanding on top dressing, they can not do without regular preventive treatments to preserve the crop.
Among pear varieties ripening in summer, plants with long fruiting are distinguished, for example, the Children's variety. You can enjoy this pear from mid-July to the end of August. Many hybrids differ in the size and shape of the fruit - the round-fruit Bashkir summer and the pear with pink fruits Rudyanaya Kedrina. Pets among modern summer varieties - Cathedral and Lada - are resistant to scab and practically do not crumble.
FROMIt is worth noting that among the pears ripening in the summer, there are many medium-tall, low fruit trees (for example, Duchess summer, Bere Ardanpon, Morning freshness), early-growing - beginning to bear fruit in the 3-4th year.
Summer pear varieties have the following distinctive features:
- depending on the territory of distribution, they are cultivated in the south, in temperate regions and in northern regions;
- self-fertile, partially self-fertile and infertile;
- in shape and taste of fruits (round and oval; sour, sweet and tart);
- early and bearing fruit after 5 or more years;
- by type of crown (pyramidal and rounded) and tree growth;
Advantages and disadvantages
Most summer varieties are precocious. The first fruits ripen before other stone fruits in the garden. Therefore, pears are the first fruit treat on the summer table grown in your garden. At the height of the summer season, you can please yourself and loved ones with the first ripe pears without waiting for autumn frosts (as happens with later varieties of this species).
The disadvantages of early ripe summer pears include a short shelf life of ripened fruits - the flesh of such pears quickly becomes loose, similar to "baked potatoes", and darkens. The collected pears are recommended to be stored in refrigerators at a temperature of +3 +7 ° C. July and August pears begin to deteriorate after a week, but they are desired for preservation and processing in dryers. Another minus of summer varieties - seedlings of such hybrids are more expensive than mid-season and late varieties. Breeders have noticed for a long time - gardeners appreciate and love early ripe fruits, including pears.
The main representatives of summer varieties with a description and characteristic
Summer varieties of pears are divided into three groups according to the fruiting period:
- Early summers.
- Summer.
- Late summer.
Early summer varieties ripen in early July, summer hybrids ripen from late July to late August. And late summer pears give the main crop in late summer, sometimes in early September. Among summer pears, most are universal - suitable for fresh consumption and for preservation and processing (drying, drying, making syrups). Below are the most common earliest varieties of pears, bred in the middle of the last century and cultivated in different parts of our country and neighboring countries. The first harvest from such hybrids is obtained from July 5 to 20.
- The Bashkir summer is ripening early (in the first decade of July), comes into fruition in the 6th year. Fine-grained fruits with a spicy flavor weigh no more than 100 g, despite the loose flesh, they are stored for up to two weeks; the variety is universal. Highly resistant to rot and scab, often grown in regions with a cold climate. Productivity is 9-16 t / g, pear is partially self-fertile.
- Mid-July early ripenes from July 10 to July 15, increased drought tolerance of the plant is noted. The tree is characterized by high productivity, tolerates winter without problems in central Russia, the Kuban and the South, pears rarely crumble and are stored for up to 10 days. Enters fruiting in the 6th year, partially self-fertile. One of the minuses of this variety is that juicy fruits with snow-white pulp are usually too small (up to 180-200 kg / ha). A tree is rarely prone to scab damage.
- The ripe fruits of Early Sergeev can be tasted already in early July - pears with white oily flesh and pleasant acidity are stored for no more than a week. Mid-sized hybrid obtained by crossing Bere Giffard and Panna; begins to bear fruit in the 6-7th year, but does not differ in high productivity (75 c / ha), the fruits ripen on July 5-10 and are stored for a week. It has a stable immunity to scab and requires additional pollination to increase productivity.
- In mid-July, in Central Russia and in the Volga region, a variety of pears for children ripen with small (60-70 g) light yellow fruits that have a sweet, pleasant taste; dessert hybrid is good fresh; partially self-fertile, the neighborhood of pollinating varieties will increase the yield. Winter hardiness is average. The variety is early and rarely affected by fungal diseases. The average yield is 50 kg / ha.
- Parents of the early Moldavian hybrid variety are Williams and the high-yielding Lyubimitsa Klappa, common in domestic summer cottages. This pear is partially self-fertile. A tall tree begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year, the first fruits (weighing up to 150 g) with sweet, loose pulp and a delicate aroma appear in mid-July - a dessert variety. Productivity from one tree reaches 75 kg.
Table: Other Early Summer Pear Varieties
Grade name | Tasting fruit assessment | Plant features |
Veselinka | small round pears, with a slight blush, the taste is juicy, sweet, fragrant, flesh - loose; weight - 30-60 g, shelf life 10-14 days; universal variety | parents: little wild Ussuri and Forest beauty early; immunity to scab is increased; the pear is self-infertile the best pollinators - Robin, Clapp's Favorite; productivity - 120-150 c / ha |
Debutante | light orange with sweet acid pulp of medium density, weight 90-110 g; shelf life 3-4 weeks; technical grade | seedling of autumn Yakovlev; winter hardiness - average; enters fruiting in the 6-7th year; pear; partially self-fertile; processing from scab is required; productivity up to 240 c / ha; |
Dubovskaya early | greenish with a red blush the fruits have an oily flesh with sourness; weight 110 g; stored 2 weeks; universal variety | Williams x Forest Beauty; immunity to scab is increased; winter hardiness is high; partially self-fertile variety; fruiting for the 5-6th year; productivity - 80-110 kg / ha |
Krasulia | orange red fruits with creamy, fine-grained pulp; weight 80-120 g; storage 10-14 days; dessert variety | fruiting - on the 5th year; high winter hardiness and disease resistance; the plant has spines; propagated by vaccination on Ussuri wild game; productivity - 120 kg / ha |
Early maturing | moderately sweet fruits with tender, oily flesh, weight 80-100 g, shelf life 2 weeks; universal variety | Parents: Ussuri game Citron de Carm, Bere Liguel; winter hardiness is average; partially self-fertile hybrid; fruiting tree in the 5th year after planting, occasionally susceptible to moniliosis; harvest from one tree - 20-35 kg from the 3rd year of vegetation |
Talitsa | medium-sized fruits - up to 80 g; light green with a sweet flesh and citrus fruit flavor; stored no more than 21 days; universal variety | pollinating varieties are needed; winter hardiness is average; fruiting for the 3-4th year; immunity to scab is increased; 136 c / ha - average yield |
Governor's (Astrakhan early) | fruits - 100-120 g; yellow with a blush; sweet and sour flesh with a slight astringency; storage up to two weeks; universal variety | winter hardiness is low; immunity is average; fruiting for the 5th year; additional pollination is required; productivity - 35-40 kg from a 7-year-old tree |
Summer pears, the ripe fruit ripeness of which occurs in early August, are assigned to a separate varietal group. The most common summer domestic pear varieties in domestic plots, characterized by high immunity and an enviable yield, are presented below.
- Hybrid Early summer bred S.P. Kedrin at the beginning of the last century (Bergamot Volga and Williams). On a tall tree with a narrow pyramidal crown, medium-sized fruits (80-150 g) grow. Sweet and sour pears with yellow pulp ripen in the first decade of August, stored after harvest for up to two weeks. Productivity in an adult tree (10 years) reaches 120 kg. Scab resistance is medium. Late entry into the fruiting season (in the 9th year) is the only drawback of the variety.
- Combining the best qualities of Esperin and Gliva, Ukrainian breeders received a summer August hybrid - Mliyevskaya early. A medium-sized tree with abundant fruiting is often found in Ukraine and the south of Russia, in Latvia. In medium-sized fruits (90-150 g), the flesh is cream-colored, semi-oily, sweet. The pears of this winter-hardy hybrid are stored in a cool place for up to two months. The variety is characterized by increased immunity to bacterial cancer and is considered partially self-fertile.
- Tall trees of the Oryol summer will delight the gardener with the first harvest in early August. Weighty, juicy fruits (180-250 g) retain freshness for about 10 days. This pear is not demanding on climatic conditions and is successfully cultivated in the Central Black Earth Region and in the North-West of Russia. The tree is characterized by early maturity (the first pears - in the 3-4th year), but has a short period of consumption - 2-3 weeks. Yields up to 127 kg / ha, planted next to pollinating pears to increase productivity.
- Sredneroslaya Lada combines the qualitative characteristics of two varieties - Forest Beauty and Olga. The hybrid is partially self-fertile (pollinators - Rogneda, Chizhovskaya) and for the 3-4th year it already allows you to try the first crop. Pears (120-140 g) with friable, yellowish pulp have a weak aroma, rarely crumble, but are stored for no more than 10 days, in a cool room - up to 60 days. Immunity to diseases is average, winter hardiness is high. For the 5th year, the harvest is 140 kg / ha.
- In Belarus, Ukraine and Transcaucasia, the variety Lyubimitsa Klappa is widespread with bright red fruits melting in the mouth (70-110 g) - a dessert variety and the best for fresh consumption. This is a pear hybrid, the first fruiting of which occurs in the 8th year. The harvest is ripe for harvest at the end of July – beginning of August; pears are stored for 7–10 days, as they tend to soften and lose their taste. A drought tolerant and rarely exposed to low temperatures plant has weak immunity and is self-infertile. Productivity up to 300 kg / ha.
- The winter Michurina along with Forest Beauty is a sort of Marble pear with large (up to 200 g), orange fruits and juicy sweet, flesh melting in your mouth (dessert variety). Ripens in late August, fruiting lasts 4 weeks. Immunity is high, winter hardiness is weak; increased requirements for hydration and top dressing. The first fruiting is in the 6-7th year; the variety is partially self-fertile. From one tree collect up to 40 kg of fruit.
- August dew is a winter-hardy and disease-resistant, early-growing, requiring additional pollination variety.Pears ripen in August, stored 10-14 days. The variety is early. Fruits with white, sour flesh (average weight - 120-150 g) are put in compotes and make jam. Productivity up to 200 kg / ha. The disadvantage of a pear hybrid is not the uniformity of the fruit.
- On a tall tree, Sibiryachka cultivars grow small (40-60 g), sweet and sour, tart fruits with a mediocre taste (technical grade for processing), ripening in early August. Shelf life is 20 days. The northerner is partially self-fertile. The quick-growing variety is characterized by high winter hardiness. Productivity 160-180 kg / ha.
In my little garden on the sand, two pears, two plums and a cherry-spinach grow, I no longer dare to plant anything. Two years ago I got the August dew, hoping for its fertility and winter hardiness, in addition - Marble, which should pollinate the first hybrid. Bloomed plentifully, but lush "bouquets" fly around after two weeks, from ovaries there is no trace left. In these two years, the trees have grown and grown stronger. I'd like to see the harvest at least this year. My opinion is that the flowers freeze or the trees do not have enough moisture on the sandy soil (although they are regularly watered). What will happen next with the summer "promising" pears - time will tell.
Table: Other summer pear varieties
Grade name | Tasting fruit assessment | Plant features |
Allegro | the fruits are pink-yellow, sweet, the flesh is fine-grained, weight 100-140 g, storage - 15 days; for fresh consumption and processing (universal) | hybrid of Autumn Yakovlev; consumption period - 10 days; winter hardiness is high; partially self-fertile variety; fruiting - on the 6th year; resistant to fungal diseases; |
Prominent | fruits with white, dense the flesh is sour and fruity notes; weight - up to 150 g; storage - 15 days; universal variety | pollen mixture; the grade is partially self-fertile, has increased immunity to diseases; early; winter hardy; productivity - 90 kg / ha |
Gwidon | sweet, semi-oily yellow-skinned fruits weigh up to 120 g; stored for 2-3 weeks; go to processing and compote | pollen mixture; resistance to frost is low; rarely affected by scab; early variety; the best pollinators - Chizhovskaya, In memory of Yakovlev; productivity up to 248 kg / ha |
Cathedral | fruits are yellow-red, aromatic, medium density; weight 110 g; storage for 8-12 days; dessert variety | pollen mixture; early; winter hardy; resistant to scab and rot; matures in late August; productivity up to 98-110 kg / ha |
Banana | fruits are yellow-golden, juicy with creamy pulp; weight 80-100 g; stored for 2 weeks; universal variety | winter hardiness is high; scab prophylaxis is required and pollinating varieties; fruiting for the 6-7th year; harvest from one tree - 25-30 kg |
Virgo | flesh yellow fresh sweet with a reddish dense skin; weight 150-220 g; storage - 2 weeks; dessert variety | fast-growing (the first fruits appear on the 4th year); partially resistant to scab; frost resistance is low; partially self-fertile; productivity 80-100 c / ha |
Krasnodar summer | brown skin, yellow flesh with acidity and moderate aroma; weight 140-160 g; keeping time up to 15 days; dessert variety | eat fruits - August 10-20, resistant to scab; winter hardiness is high; the variety is partially self-fertile; fruiting later |
Lel | green with suntan fruits are sweet, with spices, weigh 70-100 g; storage - 2-3 weeks; used in compotes and jams; universal variety | resistant to frost; not affected by scab and rot; partially self-fertile; fruiting for the 5th year; maturity - at the end of August |
Original | the whitish-creamy pulp of the fruit is covered with a yellow peel, the taste is delicate sour; weight up to 100 g; dessert grade; storage 10 days | eat fruits in the first half of August; partially self-fertile; frost resistant; resistant to disease; quickly deteriorates; fruiting for the 7th year; yield 30 kg from an adult tree |
Palmyra | the skin is green, the pulp is denser-grained, sweet; weight 60-90 g; storage 10-14 days; technical grade | high winter hardiness and low susceptibility to scab and rot; additional pollination is required; fruiting in the 3rd year; yield 32-45 kg per pear |
Memory of Gosenchenko | fruits with yellow-red skin have a friable, slightly aromatic pulp with a mediocre taste; weight 50-80 g; storage for 10 days; universal variety | seedlings of the variety Tyoma; winter hardy; not susceptible to disease; additional pollination is required; average productivity of 100-120 kg / ha |
Petrovskaya | juicy, semi-buttery tan fruits, sweet; weight 115-135 g; storage 10-15 days; dessert variety | early; ripens in the 2nd decade of August; resistant to diseases and low temperatures; average yield 28 t / ha |
Ruddy Golden Eagle | fruits with a yellow-red tinge and dense fine-grained pulp; weight 70-100 g; storage 21 days; technical grade | the variety tolerates any frost and is resistant to disease; partially self-fertile; fruit formation at the 5th year; productivity - 330.0 c / ha; |
Samaryanka | fruits with sweet and sour friable flesh and yellow skin, weight 110 g; storage for 2-3 weeks; grade suitable for processing | Ussuriysk + Favorite Klappa; matures in mid-August fruiting 3 weeks; partially self-fertile; first fruiting in the 6-7th year; moderate disease resistance; frost resistance is weak; |
Northerner | light yellow semi-oily fruits juicy pulp without astringency; weight 90-110 g; storage 2 weeks; suitable for processing on juice and compote; universal variety | almost barren; matures in the first decade of August; winter hardy; additional pollination is required; resistant to scab; fruiting for the 5th year; from one tree harvest up to 45 kg of fruits |
Sverdlovchanka | yellow fruits with blush, juicy, fragrant flesh; weight 140-180 g; stored 10-15 days; dessert variety for fresh consumption and juices; | the variety is self-infertile; fruiting for the 4th year; suitable for northern regions; resistant to disease; productivity - 200 kg / ha |
Video: summer pear varieties
The most delicious late-summer varieties of pears are distinguished, which are distinguished by high productivity, unpretentiousness and resistance to fungal diseases:
- Summer Rossoshanskaya early is the result of the cross of Rossoshanskaya beautiful and Marble. The fruits of this versatile variety with delicate, creamy flesh melting in the mouth are excellent for heat processing. The average weight of pears is 120-180 g. Rossoshanskaya early can be stored for up to 30 days, its fruits can be enjoyed for more than a month - they do not crumble and do not deteriorate, but this hybrid is practically not adapted to frost. The variety is not affected by scab. The average yield is 130 kg / ha.
- The Astrakhan early pear was first cultivated in the Lower Volga region. Quite large (up to 400 g), aligned fruits have a light yellow, coarse flesh and a light astringent aftertaste. The variety is self-fertile, ripens in the third decade of August and is stored for up to 10 days. Astrakhan early belongs to centenarians (bears fruit up to 80 years) and is appreciated for frost resistance. Although this vigorous hybrid is unstable to scab and only bears fruit in the 10th year, the yield is up to 120 kg / ha.
- Augustinka - combines the varieties Rouge Berkut and Yakovleva's Favorite. The hybrid is distinguished by large, orange-yellow fruits (200-400 g) with a delicate, oily flesh with a nutmeg aroma (for fresh consumption and desserts). The best pollinators are the favorite of Klappa, Williams, Petrovskaya, Lel. The variety resistant to fungal diseases is cultivated in the northern regions of the country. Fruiting in the 5th year, the ripening period is the beginning of August. High-yielding hybrid - get up to 400 kg / ha.
- Late summer Chizhovskaya (Olga + Forest Beauty) grows up to 4 meters and begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year; yellow-creamy fruits with a pink rose weigh about 150 g, flesh is loose, aromatic; universal variety suitable for preservation and fresh consumption. The hybrid is partially self-fertile; Lada and Severyanka are suitable for additional pollination. The pear is quick-growing, productivity - 50 kg from one 5-year-old tree. Winter hardiness and immunity to diseases are high.
Table: Other late summer pear varieties
Grade name | Tasting rating fruit | Plant features |
Lyra | brownish fruits with creamy, juicy pulp; weight - 200 g; storage - 10 days; universal variety | Bere winter Michurina + Forest beauty; pear requires additional pollination; matures in late August; early; resistant to scab; unstable to low temperatures; productivity 80-100 c / ha |
Little deer | fruits with yellow, hard flesh and a pleasant aroma weigh 120-150 g; storage 2 weeks; suitable for making compotes and jams (universal grade) | pollen mixture; self-infertile (pollinators - Nevelichka, Sibiryachka); matures in the first ten days of September; moderately winter hardy; not affected by disease; harvest 25-30 kg per tree |
Rogneda | light yellow fruit pulp sweet and sour with a nutmeg aftertaste; weight 150-170 g; storage for 2 months; goes for juice and jam | Tyoma + Forest Beauty; ripens in the 3rd decade of August; early; a neighborhood of pear pollinators is required; the fruits crumble; resistant to scab and rot; tolerates frosts up to - 22 ° C |
Alexandra | yellow-brown fruits, sweet with spice; weight 150 g; storage 2 weeks; dessert variety | pollen mixture; frost resistant; partially self-fertile; scab prophylaxis is needed; fruiting for the 6-7th year; average yield - 80.5 c / ha |
Bryansk beauty | golden yellow fruits with oily flesh, fragrant; weight 200-220 g; storage 2 weeks; universal variety | fruiting for 4-5th year; immunity is average; partially self-fertile variety; winters at temperatures up to - 25 ° C; yield 45-50 kg from a 6-year-old plant |
Mashuk | yellow fruits with suntan, creamy flesh, without taste; weight - 100-120 g; shelf life of 15-20 days; technical grade - for processing | Williams and the Forest Beauty; winter hardiness is high; exacting to moisture; matures in late August; fruiting for the 7th year; partially self-fertile; for the 8th year - a crop of 168 c / ha |
Commemorative | fine-grained, friable, sweet pulp is covered with a greenish-yellow skin; weight 120-140 g; storage 7-10 days; suitable for processing and cooking | southern pollen mix; early; resistant to scab and rot; ripens in late August; 40-60 kg / ha; |
The same age | the fruit pulp is creamy, juicy, the skin is orange; weight 80-100 g; storage for 2-3 weeks; universal variety | immunity is average; resistant to frost; partially self-fertile hybrid, the first bearing occurs on the 4th year; matures in the 3rd decade of August; productivity - 60-80 c / ha |
Rusakovskaya | sweet and sour fruits with granulated pulp; weight 60-80 g; storage 30 days; universal variety | Tyoma + seedling of the Ussuri pear; resistance to low temperatures and scab is high; partially self-fertile; prone to shedding; fruiting for the 4th year; productivity - 70 kg / ha; |
Summer pear varieties for Central Russia
Demanding on light and heat, the pear feels great in the territory of the Central Black Earth Region, in the Volga Region. Most of the old Michurinsky varieties have long taken root in garden plots of the Voronezh, Kaluga region, in the Bryansk region. Here, seedlings of Bere and Michurinsky hybrids are popular (early Rossoshanskaya, July and others); modern winter-hardy pears - Lada, Chizhovskaya, Cathedral, Rossoshanskaya beauty; universal - Skoropelka, Prominent.
The best summer varieties of pears for the North-West of our country
For the Moscow region and the Leningrad region suitable varieties of pears with high rates of frost resistance, unpretentious, early-growing and resistant to disease. Among the majority of pear hybrids that meet these requirements, the well-known varieties Bergamot summer, Marble, Vidnaya, Augustow dew, Rossoshanskaya are distinguished. Relatively recently appeared - Lel, Skorospelka, Debutante.
Summer pear varieties for the southern regions of Russia
In Crimea, on the warm coast of the Krasnodar Territory, in the Rostov Region, all three varieties of summer pears are grown. Prominent, Olenek, Rogneda, Lyra, August dew, Allegro ripen before September. A sufficient amount of moisture and a warm climate have a beneficial effect on the late summer varieties Chizhovskaya, Rovesnitsa, Bryansk beauty - they manage to remove a worthy crop of sweet, aromatic pears from each tree.
Summer varieties of pears for Siberia and the Urals
For harsh weather conditions and unstable humid and frosty climates in the off-season, breeders have bred many varieties of pears, including the tall Miracle Maker, sweet Cathedral, super early Lel and Lada. It has long been known to local gardeners Permyachka, Severyanka and Gvidon, early ripe Talitsa and pink-sided Veselinka, the South Ural variety Krasulya, old varieties July early, Chizhovskaya.
The most famous summer pear varieties in Ukraine
For the warm, humid climate and arid summer of Ukraine, the early varieties Petrovskaya, Cathedral, Mashuk are excellent. Hybrids Astrakhan early, Olenek, Rogneda; technical grade Allegro. Small-fruited Veselinka and Starkrimson variety with gently melting flesh and pear aroma are also popular.
Summer varieties of pears for Belarus
The most common pear hybrids in Belarus are Kudesnitsa, Rossoshanskaya, Bashkirskaya early tested for decades. Good yields are given by Chizhovskaya, Rogneda, Severyanka, which perfectly take root in the humid, temperate climate of Belarus. Fun, Prominent, Marble, Augustine, Lel - these are new varieties that promise to conquer the Belarusian land.
Features of planting pears
When choosing a site for placing a pear, it should be remembered that the tree is photophilous (the ideal option is south or southwest of the garden), does not like drafts and always reacts to a lack of moisture in the soil. It is best to plant a pear in an elevated area with a neutral or slightly acidic soil solution (pH 6.2 - 6.6) and a humus horizon of 20 cm thick, with air drainage (loose, "breathing" soil), on sandy soils mixed with loam and chernozem. The best time to plant a pear is the end of March - the beginning of April (in the "sleeping kidney" stage).
- Pits are dug with a width of 0.7 to 1.2 meters and a depth of 60 - 70 centimeters.
- The soil for filling the holes is formed from the top layer of soil mixed with rotted manure (6-8 kg), compost (7-10 kg), supplemented with mineral fertilizers at the rate of 100 g / m2 superphosphate, 1 kg of wood ash and 40 g / m2 potassium salt.
- The plant is placed in the planting pit so that the root neck is 3-5 cm above the soil level (due to further subsidence of the soil).
- The roots are gently covered with the finished soil mixture and turf, shaking the root processes for a snug fit of the clods of the earth. The surface of the hole is slightly tamped.
- The tree is abundantly watered (20-40 liters of water), the trunk circle is mulched (with straw, sawdust).
Two-year-old pear seedlings with versatile branches and a strong crown with 3-5 well-developed shoots are suitable. A developed root system with thick, moist root processes is a sign of a healthy, full-fledged plant.
In the first three years after planting, the trunk circle should be 1 m in diameter, in the next 6 years - 1.5-1.7 m, and at the age of 8-10 years - 2-2.5 m.
Video: how to plant a pear
Plant care
In early spring, the soil of the near-stem circle is loosened to a depth of 15-20 cm, then weeds are removed and weed every month until autumn. Pear care is as follows:
- regular watering;
- sanitary pruning;
- fertilizer application;
- preventive treatment of plants from fungal diseases and pests.
Watering
The irrigation depth of the soil should be at least 80 cm. Pear is watered abundantly (15-30 buckets - depending on the age of the plant), but infrequently (1 time in two weeks). Maximum irrigation is required in June - July, when the fruits are poured.
Fertilizer application
Pear fertilizer is introduced in the fall into circular grooves 50 cm deep, made around the crown projection, or into the furrows. Nitrogen is fed only in the spring when digging during a period of enhanced shoot growth. Phosphorus and potassium (up to 150 g) together with organic matter (about 20-30 kg) are applied every 3-5 years - it all depends on the state of the soil.
To increase winter hardiness and stimulate growth, a tree is treated twice in spring and autumn with a 1% urea solution. To protect the bark, the branches of the pear and trunk are whitened with lime in the water in spring.
Pear pruning and shaping
The formation of the pear is mainly aimed at creating short shoots, as well as long branches, especially 2-3 years of age. Every spring, sanitary crown pruning is performed - damaged, dry, rotten shoots are cut with a sharp secateurs.
In order to reduce the growth rate of young shoots in the first year of life, a pinch is done - for this, 1-2 growth points are left, the remaining branches are removed.
The higher part of the crown always remains slimmer than the lower tier. In the process of forming too thick branches, thickening the lower part of the crown, cut out. This forms the first tier of the crown, stimulates the growth of other branches. Annual growths with the apical young bud are left on the tree, branches older than 4 years old are removed. In the middle of the crown, 2 and 3 year old branches are left, on which the fruits are formed. If the fruit set is too large, some ovaries are thinned out, this affects the quality and size of the future crop.
To stimulate the growth of new fruit buds, the pear shoots are bent and left to grow in a horizontal position. Often undersized pear hybrids are placed on steel trellises.
Branch reinforcement
The thin fragile wood of young pears requires the formation of support, and with a plentiful harvest, the protection of the fruits from churning by the wind. To do this, use thick wooden supports 2-4 meters long, placing them at an angle to the trunk. Another method of attachment is wire. Carefully, without damaging the bark and fruits, bend the branches to the center of the trunk, securing them with a wire between themselves and the trunk.
Harvesting
If the fruits of the pear are not collected on time, they can crumble, overripe, the taste will deteriorate, the shelf life of the fruit will be reduced. The duration of the removable period varies from 7 to 14 days.
There are distinguished removable and consumer ripeness of fruits, both in different summer varieties come from July to late August (early September). In the first case, the fruits are ready for use (by time) in connection with the maximum coloring of the skin and the achievement of the pulp of sweetness and the necessary juiciness and density. Consumer maturity occurs when a characteristic taste and aroma appears, even if the fruit has not ripened and the harvest has not arrived.
Diseases and Pests
Unlike many stone fruits, a pear does not require such intensive protection against pests and diseases. The main diseases that often affect plants are scab, bacteriosis and tinnitus. The most effective control measures are considered to be the preventive spraying of the shoots, trunk and trunk circle of the pear 2-3 times a season with modern insecticides and fungicides (strictly according to the instructions).
Table: Pear Disease
Title | Pathogen | Signs | Control measures |
Scab | Fusicladium pirinum fungus | On the leaves, over time and reddish on the fruits tight spots with a velvety coating, the fruits crack and lose their taste | In the spring - 1% Bordeaux fluid, Topaz, Fufanon; Autumn - Topaz |
Powdery mildew | Podosphaera leucotricha | White fungal plaque on leaves and inflorescences, in which they curl up into a tube and gradually die | Spraying with Fundazole or soda ash solution (60 g per bucket of water) with the addition of liquid soap (10 g). |
Moniliosis (fruit rot) | fungus Monilia fructigena | The fruits rot and crumble, especially in wet weather | Spraying with drugs Fufanon, Aktofit |
Rust | pathogenic fungus Gymnosporangium sabinae. | Orange-brown spots appear on leaves in late spring, in the middle of summer - on fruits | In the spring - 1% Bordeaux fluid, Kuproksat and Bayleton preparations for irrigation of shoots and leaves |
Soot fungus | The appearance of sooty black plaque on leaves and fruits | Processing Fufanon, Fitoverm, Calypso | |
Black cancer | Cracking of the trunk and skeletal branches, followed by infection through cracks of fungal diseases | The affected area of the bark is cut off, then the cut is treated with copper sulfate and garden var |
With timely processing, the leaves and shoots of the pear are rehabilitated during the summer season.
The most common pear pests are ticks, moths, aphids, pear gall midges. Some affect foliage and shoots, others destroy the crop.
Most effective for pest control:
- timely clean the area of foliage and dry branches;
- spray plants with complex biological (Decis) and contact insecticides (Zolon, Karbofos, Spark)
The Russian market has a large selection of drugs aimed at pest control and eliminating the main sources of infection with pear diseases.
Reviews
From summer varieties grow: Lada, Chizhovskaya, Skorospelka from Michurinsk, Severyanka, Cathedral. From autumn: Russian beauty, Autumn Yakovleva. Recently planted and still not bearing fruit: Sverdlovchanka, Nursery. All summer varieties are poorly stored. The consumption period is 2 weeks. Lada crumbles when ripe, plant an autumn variety, they are stored longer. It’s hard to choose to taste. Ideally, you have to go and try it yourself, and take a stalk from this tree.
Flower
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I like varieties that have grit. You can put up with this. If only they were not sour, like Lukashevka (hybrids with Far Eastern wild forms). And such varieties, to taste sweet and aromatic, such as southern ones, are in the selection of Ural breeders. Now several of these varieties are in trial. Many varieties have already been fruiting. I will list all the varieties that suit us for winter hardiness, productivity, and taste. Not only Ural breeding. And those that we experience, and we like them. Maybe for lack of a better? It may well be. August dew, Yellow birch, Valentine, Century-old, Veles, Prominent, Karataevskaya, Cathedral, Krasuly, Red-sided, Kupava, Lada, Larinskaya, Lel, Early Leningrad, Lyubava, Myth, Tenderness, Otradnenskaya, In memory of Zhegalov, Perun, Permyachka, Sverdlov Severyanka, Severyanka Chelyabinsk, Severyanka red-sided, Fairytale, Somova. Siberian, Taiga, Talitsa, Chizhovskaya.
Aleksandr Kuznetsov
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Just not Lada. An ugly variety, very disappointed in him. Problems: 1. The frequency of fruiting (year / year) 2. Of all that I have - the biggest defeat scabs. 3. The fruits are small, pick and eat very quickly. Just a couple of days I did not have time - it is already impossible - they become like tasteless cotton wool. 4. The taste of the fruit - so-so, for an amateur. There is NO STABILITY! I also have Chizhovsky and the Memory of Yakovlev - in all respects an order of magnitude better.
Billi boi
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Favorite - Bergamot summer variety. About ten years did not bear fruit at all, and since there was a lot of land, we did not touch it. But once Bergamot gave a small crop, accidentally saw already ripe pears ... before you did not pay attention to this tree! Such a taste, aroma and juiciness of a pear I have never tried anywhere else. Voronezh region, Ertil chernozem.
ehpebitor
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For the entire existence of our site, and this is more than 25 years, we tried to grow pears. Our soil is sandy, 200 km from Moscow to the southwest. The most successful pear turned out to be Summer Lada, the earliest not stored. It ripens in August. Fruits every year, often all covered with pears. We distribute, cook jam from whole pears, compote.
tak1956
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I have Lada and Chizhovskaya for a long time. They bear fruit well, there are seeds in Chizhovskaya. But to lie down ... Even those who are not quite ripe in the refrigerator lie badly, the middle blackens, they become soft, nothing. But this is also an amateur. Someone likes it. If they remain on the tree, it is not measured ... And what about wintering? It is also unclear why they freeze somewhere, and where not.
arinka
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Patient and caring gardeners plant not only late pear varieties on the plot, but also summer varieties. Their fruits are ready for use at the height of summer, and seedlings take root quickly and painlessly. Pears are an incomparable dessert and at the same time a dietary product. Pear juice and mashed potatoes are useful for babies, and the pulp is suitable for preparing dried fruits, preserves and jams - this quickly solves the problem of perishable summer varieties. Early ripe hybrids take root in Siberia and in the northwestern regions and manage to bear fruit until the first frost. Having made the right choice, you can grow this amazingly delicious fruit in your garden without much labor.