The final stage of the installation of a country fence is the installation of a gate and an entrance. There are two main types of gates - swing gates, consisting of two leaves, and sliding (sliding, sliding), which are manually or automatically moved along the fence. The second type is considered optimal, since it saves space and does not create additional interference when opening. Let's consider how you can make sliding gates with your own hands to make sure that their design is quite simple, and installation does not take much time.
How are classic sliding gates designed?
In order for the gate to move smoothly and effortlessly, it is necessary to consider the installation of the foundation and each installation step of the main structure. No need to neglect the foundation device: a moving element is held on it and a roller mechanism is attached. The guide beam along which the rollers move is fixed on two stable supports. To eliminate the slightest failure of the canvas, use welding. Roller coasters are inserted into the beam with rollers, and the upper part is fixed to the bottom of the gate. As a result, the gate easily moves along the guide to one side. Now on the market you can find automatic opening devices with a control panel, so if you want, the whole mechanism can be upgraded and made remotely controlled.
Scheme of sliding gates: 1 - guide; 2 - roller mechanism; 3 - removable roller; 4-5 - two catchers; 6 - upper fixing bracket; 7 - adjustment platform
Step-by-step installation description
Before starting work on the foundation, it is necessary to prepare an opening for the gate - the place where it is planned to place home-made sliding gates. The narrower the opening, the less material will be needed for the device of the moving web. The weight of the structure is also of great importance, since installing heavy metal gates will require stronger fasteners than, say, for a carved wood blade.
Sliding gates can be rolled both to the left and to the right. The choice of side depends on the availability of free space along the structure.
As a rule, by the time the gates are arranged, the fence has already been installed, which means that border elements are ready - metal pipes, brick or wooden poles. The guarantee of the reliability of the gates and supports will be embedded parts, the location of which can be considered in the diagram below. Mortgages are called flat metal segments fixed along supporting pillars and reinforced with reinforcing bars. Additional reinforcement elements are fixed in the ground and give the structure the necessary stability.
Concrete base fill
The first stage is the construction of a pit for the foundation. Its dimensions depend on the width of the opening and the depth of freezing of the soil. In central Russia, the soil freezes by about one and a half meters, so the depth of the pit will be 170-180 cm, width - 50 cm, and length - 2 m, provided that the opening is 4 m.
It is necessary to install a embedded part in the pit. For its manufacture, a channel with a length of 2 m and a width of 15-16 cm is required, as well as bars of reinforcement of any diameter. The length of the rods is one and a half meters - it is at this depth that they will sink into the pit. The fittings should be attached to the channel by welding. Having fixed the longitudinal rods, we fasten them together with the transverse bars so that a strong lattice is obtained.
To install the automation elements, it is necessary to prepare a place for pipes, and in the center of the metal platform to equip a hole in which the electric cable is output
The finished metal structure is placed in the pit so that the channel is located along the line of movement of the gate. One end should be closely adjacent to the support pillar. Strictly horizontally position the beam will help the construction level.
The design of the mortgage is installed from the side into which the door leaf will move off. During installation, you should pay attention to the accuracy of the arrangement of all elements
At the same time as laying the metal element, we lay electric cables for the automatic system device. To protect electricians, pipes with a diameter of 25-30 mm are suitable. Instead of metal products, analogues of plastic or corrugation can be used. Particular attention should be paid to the tightness of pipes and joints.
Automatic door opening system: 1 - power button; 2 - built-in photocells; 3 - electric drive; 4 - signal lamp with antenna
The final stage is the filling of the pit with the embedded mortgage. For pouring, we use a solution prepared from concrete mix M200 or M250. The surface of the mortgage - channel - must remain completely open. The maturation of concrete takes 1-2 weeks.
Door leaf processing
Before installing sliding gates, they must be assembled from components, the number of which depends on three indicators:
- canvas sizes;
- the width of the opening;
- total weight of the structure.
The main weight of the gate falls on the guide, so you should take its choice seriously. Experts recommend using Roltek products from St. Petersburg. Consider several equipment options:
- Micro - for the construction of profiled sheet weighing up to 350 kg;
- Eco - for wooden and forged gates weighing up to 500 kg and an opening of no more than 5 m;
- Euro - for a canvas weighing 800 kg, the width of the opening - up to 7 m;
- Max - for structures weighing up to 2000 kg and opening width up to 12 m.
The frame of the moving part consists of a profile pipe 40x60 mm with a wall thickness of 2 mm, for the crate we take thinner pipes with a diameter of up to 20 mm. The thinner the profile pipes, the lower the weight of the structure. For clarity, a few drawings of sliding gates.
The frame for the gate can look different, depending on the size of the opening, height and components used. On the diagram - a sample frame for a 4-meter opening
After welding, the frame must be protected from moisture: for this, it is first primed with a metal tool, then paint is applied for external finishing work
Direct installation of the canvas
Installation of sliding gates should only begin after concrete has solidified. To comply with the horizontal movement of the canvas, we stretch the cord at a height of 15-20 cm from the surface of the mortgage. Then we proceed to the installation of the roller mechanism. Supports must be placed as wide as possible, preferably over the entire width of the canvas. The distance from the extreme support to the pillar is 25 cm (a small margin is left for the end roller). A little more difficult to calculate the distance to the second roller bearing. Usually they use special formulas, but you can do without them. An approximate diagram with dimensions is shown in the following figure.
When mounting the roller mechanism and platforms, it is imperative to provide for all technological indentation, without which the correct movement of the door leaf is impossible
For insurance against improper installation, we use stands for adjustment. They must be installed on the channel and fixed by welding. Then roll the door leaf and make the final adjustment of the strictly horizontal position of the structure. To do this, remove the gates and roller bearings, and weld the pad for adjustment to the mortgage. Then we fix the roller bearings on the platforms, return the canvas to them and completely close the gate. Using the level and adjustment, check the horizontal structure.
Having adjusted all the details of the mechanism, we install the end roller. To do this, it must be inserted into the supporting profile and fixed with fixing bolts. To be sure, you can use welding by fixing the roller cover on the profile. The roller plays the role of the end stop, so one bolted connection will not be enough. We also install a profile plug to protect its groove from snow and debris.
A set of casters for sliding door construction can be purchased at the construction supermarket. It includes elements of the roller mechanism, cap, bracket
One of the important parts that we install after the roller is the upper bracket. It protects the gate mechanism from lateral movements. We fix the bracket on the upper part of the blade by turning the bolt holes in the direction of the support. Then we fix it on the support column and check the adjustment.
The next stage is the sheathing of the sheet with a professional sheet or lining. We begin to attach any material about the front of the gate. Separate sheets or boards are applied to the crate and fixed with screws or riveting. Every second element of the profiled sheet is superimposed on the previous one by one wave. The last sheet may not fit, then it should be cut.
The hosts, for whom prestige is important, do not skimp on the external design of the gate. One of the most expensive decorating methods is forging.
Lastly, two catchers are installed - upper and lower. The bottom helps ease the load on the roller bearings. We mount it with the gates closed. We fix the upper one opposite the protective corners of the canvas, so that when the gates are closed they touch each other.
Inexpensive wooden gates from the lining can be ennobled with the help of additional design, for example, decorate the canvas with hinges or a metal edging
We leave the automation in the end. Together with the drive for sliding gates we get a gear rack, which serves to move the blade. Usually it is included in the fastener set and is sold with elements 1 m long.
Video example with an overview of installation work
Having finally installed the gate design, we verify the operation of the roller mechanism: timely correction of minor flaws will protect against subsequent complex repairs.
