Fusarium disease is a dangerous ailment that requires immediate treatment. If you do not fight this disease, the tomato crop will be completely lost.
Symptoms and causes of tomato fusarium
An infected plant can be identified by several signs, among them there are drying, twisting and falling leaves. The bush begins to rot from below, after small roots large branches are affected. The plant withers and dies.
Vegetable culture can be caused by the following factors:
- planting density;
- excessive moisture;
- lack of light;
- infected seed
- improper dosage of nitrogen fertilizers.
The fungus enters the plant through wounds and cracks. The sooner treatment begins, the greater the chance of recovery. It should be noted that it is impossible to get rid of tomato fusarium. This incurable disease can only be stopped.
Diagnosing the disease is not difficult: just make an incision on the stem of the plant. If tomatoes are affected by Fusarium, brown and yellow streaks will be visible on the cut.
Preventative measures
Ailment is always easier to prevent than to cure. Fusariosis of tomatoes is no exception to this rule. The list of preventive measures include:
- crop rotation compliance. If the household territory does not differ in vast area, the soil on the bed will have to be updated annually. The specified vegetable crop cannot be planted after potatoes, garden strawberries, chrysanthemums, phlox, other plants from the nightshade family;
- seed disinfection. Seeds must be treated with fungicides and benzimidazoles. These include Benazol and Fundazol. In the room where the seedlings are located, the optimum temperature regime should be maintained (not higher than +25 ° C);
- cultivating the land. After harvesting, the site must be cleaned of all residues and dug up. In spring, the soil must be shed with a solution of copper sulfate or potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate). Fusarium can be prevented through limestone, dolomite flour, wood ash and sulfur;
- strengthening the immune system of tomatoes. This can be achieved using Trichodermin. To enhance the effect of this drug, experts recommend the use of Effekton liquid fertilizer.
The gardener should not forget about the correct watering and microclimate. The latter concerns tomatoes grown in a greenhouse. In a protective shelter, humidity should not exceed 60%. Particular attention should be paid to the features of tomatoes. Ripening varieties are less likely than other varieties to be infected. They are more resistant to sudden temperature changes. When choosing tomatoes for sowing, it is necessary to take into account the place of planting, the climate of the region, and the properties of the soil cover.
Fusarium-resistant tomato varieties
In the middle lane, gardeners give preference to the following varieties:
- Bobcat
- A little prince;
- Cameo;
- Gratifying;
- Sunny fighter;
- Moscow lights;
- White filling 241;
- Carrot.
The list can be supplemented with such varieties as Gnome, Tsar Peter, Budenovka, Dubrava, De Barao.
Drugs against Fusarium
It should be noted that at the beginning of the development of pathology, there are no characteristic signs on the bush. obvious changes become noticeable after the defeat of the internal structure of the plant during flowering and fruiting. For the treatment of tomatoes, drugs of biological origin and chemicals, in particular fungicides, are used.
Biological
Means from this category are most often used for preventive purposes. In their composition there are no components of chemical origin. They do not harm plants and are absolutely safe for humans. An additional bonus of biological compounds is a beneficial effect on the soil.
Tomatoes are processed with Previkur, Trichodermin, Phytosporin, Pseudobacterin-2, Trichocin, Planriz, Alirin-B, Gamair and Bactofit.
To achieve maximum efficiency, spraying should be carried out if:
- air temperature not lower than +18 ° С;
- Humidity varies from 65 to 70%.
When preparing the means for spraying and watering, you need to be guided by a fairly simple formula: 10 g of the drug should fall per 10 liters of liquid. The consumption rate is 500 ml per 1 m2.
Chemical
They are more efficient. They should be used a few weeks before picking tomatoes. The following preparations are especially popular among gardeners:
- Vectra;
- Falcon;
- Fundazole;
- Previkur;
- Strekar;
- Benazole
Contact action is characterized by Abiga Peak, Khom and Bordeaux fluid. They will not be able to help in the fight against fungal ailment if they do not penetrate deep into the infected cells.
Using chemicals, the gardener should not forget about some restrictions. For example, fruits that have been processed are strictly prohibited.
Plants are sprayed from a finely divided spray gun. Tomato bushes are processed on both sides.
Folk remedies
They will not help if fusarium wilt of the tomatoes progresses over a long period of time. In the later stages, any treatment will be ineffective. You can slow down the ailment using:
- wood ash. It is used for dusting bushes and preparing medicinal infusion. To make the latter, the gardener will need 10 liters of water and 1 glass of ash. Each bush should have at least 500 ml of the composition. Tomatoes are processed during flowering and fruiting;
- garlic tincture. The recipe is pretty simple. Chopped garlic (it takes only one head) is poured with a liter of liquid. After the mixture is left alone for 24 hours. Then it is diluted with 10 liters of pure water. Spraying is carried out weekly;
- serum. It is often used for prevention. The product is prepared from a liter of dairy product, 20 drops of iodine and 10 liters of water. Tomatoes need to be sprayed every day, preferably in the evenings.
It is difficult to eliminate the signs of fusarium. If folk methods did not help, you will have to use chemical compounds. Despite the toxicity, they have a powerful effect.
If the gardener, while processing the bushes, does not ignore the manufacturers' recommendations and safety precautions, the risk of negative consequences will be minimal.
